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The SS Badger car ferry is the last coal-powered passenger steamship in the United States

The SS Badger car ferry is the last coal-powered passenger steamship in the United States


SS Badger is a historic ship that embodies the relationship between Lake Michigan communities and the region’s economic, cultural and historical landscape.

When you think of traveling on Lake Michigan, you probably think of the SS Badger. It has been an iconic mode of transportation for decades, connecting communities and enhancing the travel experience.

As the last operating coal-powered passenger steamship in the United States, the SS Badger has a rich history that reflects the evolution of car ferries in the Great Lakes region.

This story began in 1875 when the Flint and Pere Marquette Railway commissioned the 175-foot steamer John Sherman to transport grain, freight and passengers between Ludington, Michigan and Sheboygan, Wisconsin.

In 1892, the Ann Arbor Railroad was expanded to provide maritime service across Lake Michigan with the 260-foot-long wooden hull Ann Arbor 1, proving the feasibility of transporting rail cars filled with freight across Lake Michigan.

This success inspired the Flint and Pere Marquette Railway to develop its own fleet, leading to the introduction of the steel-hulled Pere Marquette in 1896. This ship set design standards for many subsequent ferries due to its impressive performance.

More maritime history: The freighter Great Lakes, launched in Manitowoc in 1953, carries enough barley in each load to make 40 million bottles of beer

The fleet of car ferries on Lake Michigan was expanded and adapted to economic conditions. It particularly flourished during the First World War when traffic increased. In 1918, the U.S. Railroad Administration formed the Lake Michigan Car Ferry Association to increase efficiency by managing 11 vessels on the Ann Arbor, Grand Trunk, and Pere Marquette railroads. This collaboration lasted until 1920, when the management of these ferries returned to private ownership.

The 1920s brought prosperity to the car ferry industry with the ordering of new ships, although the Great Depression led to a decline in traffic and the retirement of older ships. In 1931, the city of Flint 32 set a world record with 1,010 crossings of Lake Michigan.

In the early 1950s, the Ludington-based fleet received its last major additions with the SS Spartan and SS Badger, both considered the largest and most luxurious car ferries on the Great Lakes at the time. The SS Badger was built in 1952 by the Christy Corporation in Sturgeon Bay. The maiden voyage took place on March 21, 1953 and marked the beginning of a new era in regional transport. The service’s peak year was 1955, when the ferries carried more than 205,000 passengers and 204,460 freight cars on nearly 7,000 crossings.

However, in 1975, economic pressures caused the C&O Railroad, which had taken over the Pere Marquette Railway, to abandon the car ferry business. The SS Badger’s last operational trip took place on November 16, 1990.

However, that wasn’t the end for SS Badger. In 1991, Charles Conrad of Ludington purchased the SS Badger and her sister ships with the goal of reviving ferry service. Conrad, whose father worked for the Pere Marquette Railway, had a lifelong passion for the ferries and was dedicated to preserving their legacy.

What is it like to ride a badger? A trip aboard the SS Badger is a journey into a bygone era. Here is the experience.

The SS Badger made its debut in Ludington in May 1992, marking the revival of a longstanding tradition of car ferry service on Lake Michigan.

The SS Badger is more than just a means of transportation; It is a historic ship that embodies the relationship between Lake Michigan communities and the region’s economic, cultural and historical landscape. The SS Badger continues to serve as a testament to the enduring maritime heritage.

Serena Stuettgen is collections and archives manager at the Wisconsin Maritime Museum in Manitowoc.

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